Design of 64-Bit Arithmetic Logic Unit Using Improved Timing Characterization Methodology for RSFQ Cell Library

Accurate timing characterization of library cells is essential for adopting the standard digital design flow using EDA tools, such as static timing analysis (STA) with timing back-annotation. For RSFQ circuits, the propagation delay of a cell is influenced by the input and output load. We have developed an automated timing characterization methodology that facilitates extraction of timing constraints and propagation delays for each cell as a function of all the possible permutations of input and output load. While being highly accurate, such a comprehensive timing characterization requires a large number of simulation runs. To significantly reduce the total number of simulation runs, we propose to analyze independently, rather than jointly, the effect of succeeding cells with standard preceding load and preceding cells with standard succeeding load. In addition, for succeeding cells with a storage loop, the delay of a cell is dependent on the state of the succeeding cell. STA tools cannot account for state-dependent timing variations. To mitigate state-dependent timing constraint violations, a state-dependent timing correction is added to the hold/set-up time. We have generated Liberty files for multiple process corners using the load dependent as well as standard load timing tables. We compare the timing accuracy for each methodology. We have designed and simulated a 64-bit ALU with 90,256 junctions with Verilog HDL and timing back-annotation across multiple process corners using Synopsys VCS tool. To validate the three timing characterization methodologies, we have evaluated their timing accuracies by comparing with full circuit simulations on representative ALU sub-blocks.