Distribution of bacterial species in ICU from 2009 to 2011 and analysis of drug resistance

OBJECTIVE To understand the distribution of bacterial species in the ICU between 2009 and 2011and analyze the drug resistance so as to guide the reasonable use of antibiotics.METHODS Totally 2510 cases of patients with pathogens cultured positive,who were hospitalized the ICU from Jan 2009 to Dec 2011,were enrolled in the study,then the identification of the bacterial isolates and the drug susceptibility testing were performed by using the VITEK-2Compact full automatic bacterial identification instrument or API system,and the constituent ratio of the pathogenic bacteria and the result of drug susceptibility testing were analyzed.RESULTS A total of 2510 strains of pathogens were isolated,including 1553(61.87%)strains of gram-negative bacilli,434(17.29%)strains of gram-positive cocci,and 523(20.84%)strains of fungi;the Acinetobacter baumannii,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumonia,and Candida albicans ranked the top four species of pathogens,accounting for16.73%,12.31%,10.60%,and 10.60%,respectively.There were 1487(59.2%)strains isolated from the sputum and 246(9.8%)strains isolated from the blood specimens.The gram-positive cocci were highly resistant to the commonly used antibiotics and were sensitive to chloromycetin,and no strains resistant to linezolid,vancomycin,or teicoplanin were found;the main gram-negative bacilli were highly resistant to the commonly used antibiotics except that the Escherichia coli was 100.0% sensitive to meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam.CONCLUSIONThe gram-negative bacteria are the predominant pathogens causing the infections in ICU during the past three years,the drug resistance rate shows an upward trend,the A.baumannii is highly resistant;the cases with fungal infections are increased.It is of great significance to dynamically monitor the distribution of pathogens in ICU and the change of drug resistance.