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Take Charge: Interoperable EFC Is Not an Easy Game

Juan Guillermo Jordan Aldasoro

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Abstract

In this article, the authors analyze the differing road pricing technologies in terms of product availability and efficacy. The European Union (EU) is beginning to implement Electronic Fee Collection (EFC) systems to charge heavy goods vehicles (HGV) under a directive entitled the European Directive on Interoperability of Electronic Fee Collection Systems in the European Commission (EFC). How such a toll is exacted will be decided between Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) and a combination of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Cellular Network (CN) communications. One of the problems with such a tolling architecture is that of jamming and “spoofing,” which either sends a false GNSS signal or utilizes a low-power GPS jammer to evade tolling or vehicle identification. However, such a problem will be mitigated by Galileo due to its use of authenticated GNSS.

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What this paper is about

In this article, the authors analyze the differing road pricing technologies in terms of product availability and efficacy. The European Union (EU) is beginning to implement Electronic Fee Collection (EFC) systems to charge heavy goods vehicles (HGV) under a directive entitled the European Directive on Interoperability of Electronic Fee Collection Systems in the European Commission (EFC). How such a toll is exacted will be decided between Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) and a combination of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Cellular Network (CN) communications. One of the problems with such a tolling architecture is that of jamming and “spoofing,” which either sends a false GNSS signal or utilizes a low-power GPS jammer to evade tolling or vehicle identification. However, such a problem will be mitigated by Galileo due to its use of authenticated GNSS.

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Available abstract

In this article, the authors analyze the differing road pricing technologies in terms of product availability and efficacy. The European Union (EU) is beginning to implement Electronic Fee Collection (EFC) systems to charge heavy goods vehicles (HGV) under a directive entitled the European Directive on Interoperability of Electronic Fee Collection Systems in the European Commission (EFC). How such a toll is exacted will be decided between Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) and a combination of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Cellular Network (CN) communications. One of the problems with such a tolling architecture is that of jamming and “spoofing,” which either sends a false GNSS signal or utilizes a low-power GPS jammer to evade tolling or vehicle identification. However, such a problem will be mitigated by Galileo due to its use of authenticated GNSS.

Key concepts: Interoperability, Spoofing attack, GNSS applications, Dedicated short-range communications, Electronic toll collection, Directive, Global Positioning System, Telecommunications

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