GNSS Based Tolling – Possibilities, Challenges and Opportunities

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) based tolling is increasingly considered as a viable solution for road toll collection, especially for charging heavy goods vehicles. It is currently considered for both traditional road user charging, used for financing road infrastructure, and for congestion charging, with the objective of reduced traffic congestion. Compared to road side based (toll plaza based) tolling systems, GNSS tolling is perceived to reduce the cost of required infrastructure. This paper starts with a brief overview of GNSS technology and how this can support different tolling schemes, including tolling by distance, time+distance+place, and virtual gantry schemes. It will be followed by an assessment of currently deployed GNSS tolling systems, including proposed systems. The paper will also give an overview of standards, legislations and regulations related to GNSS based tolling.