Chemical composition of Ocimum basilicum L. essential oil from different regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by using Gas chromatography mass spectrometer

Ocimum basilicum L. is one of the most popular plants found in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This study was conducted to identify the different essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L. in different regions. essential oils was extracted from the mature leaves by Hydro distillation method, proportion of oil was 0.1-0.4%.The components of the oil were measured by GC-MS.59 compounds have been identified in the volatile oils extracted representing 100% of the total chemical composition ratio β- Linalool (9.12-72.59%) 1,8 Cineole (0.4-10.72%) as the main compounds found in all samples. Methyl Chavicol was the highest percentage of the oil (44.90%) while the disappearance of his existence for some samples as well as for each of the trans Methyl Cinmate, Methyl Eugenol, trans- Geraniol, Methyl Cinmate and Eugenol where recorded respectively 46.69, 18.39, 13.10, 11.21, 10.96%. Comparing the composition of the analysed essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L. there were revealed both the quantitative and qualitative differences concerning the major compounds.