A SURVEY ON THE HELMINTHES OF BIRDS FROM BAI-YANG-DIEN LAKE, HOPEH PROVINCE, CHINA II. Trematoda

A survey on the trematoda-fauna of the wild birds from Bai-yang-dien lake, Hopeh province, China was made during the summer (June to July) in 1963, and in spring (March to April) and autumn (September to November), 1964. Totally 467 birds (including part of those examined in the summer, 1963) belonging to 13 orders and 51 species have been examined, and 81 species of the trematodes belonging to 41 genera and 15 families have been obtained from the alimentary canal, trachea, air sacs, gall bladder, liver, kidney, etc. of the hosts. Among them, 3 new species and 4 unidentified species, namely: Echinoparyphium microrchis sp. nov., Paryphostomum baiyangdienensis sp. nov., Psilotrema pleurodiscum sp. nov. Notes on 38 new distributional records from China and 87 new host records are also given. Trematodes found from Bai-yang-dien lake together with their hosts, location of the parasities, degree of infection are listed in Tab, 1 and 2.The descriptions of the 3 new trematodes are as follows: Echinoparyphium microrchis sp. nov.Body lingual-shaped, attenuated anteriorly and rounded posteriorly, 4.051 × 1.062 -1.152 mm. Cuticle thickened, armed measuring with loosely arranged body spines from anterior end to acetabular zone, posteriorly, 0.020 × 0.004 - 0.008 mm. Head collar reniform, 0.630 - 0.684 mm in width, armed with 35 head spines: 4 corner spines on each side, the 3 outer spines larger than the inner one, measuring 0.070 - 0.072 × 0.022-0.024 mm and 0.048-0.052×0.018-0.020 mm respectively; dorsolateral spines 27 in number, arranged in 2 rows, the lateral spines measuring 0.072 × 0.020 mm, while the dorsal spines 0.048 × 0.020 - 0.024 mm.Oral sucker subterminal, 0.198 - 0.216 × 0.234 mm. Acetabulum 0.684 - 0.720 × 0.630 - 0.720 mm, located on the posterior half of the anterior third of the body. Prepharynx 0.036 mm long. Pharynx developed, 0.162 - 0.182 × 0.126 - 0.144 mm. Esophagus slender, 0.414 - 0.430 × 0.024 - 0.042 mm and bifurcating into 2 caeea at the anterior border of the acetabulum. Caeca extending posteriorly and ending at 0.054 mm from the posterior end of the worm.Testes irregularly shaped, lying contiguously tandem in the posterior third of the body; anterior testis 0.162-0.270×0.234-0.252 mm, posterior testis 0.216-0.306 × 0.198 - 0.234 mm. Cirrus sac small, 0.306 - 0.360 × 0.144 - 0.162 mm.Ovary flat-spherical, 0.216 - 0.228 × 0.342 - 0.378 mm. Shell gland lying between the anterior testis and ovary. Vitellaria intercecal, extending from the level of the posterior half of the acetabulum and reaching the extreme posterior end of the body. Uterus short, containing not numerous eggs, about 47 - 64 in number. Ova 0.100 -0.104 × 0.044 - 0.048 mm.DISCUSSION This new species differs remarkably from, the only other species of the genus, E. cinctum (End., 1802) Dietz, 1909, E. ichthyophilum Mendheim, 1940, E. japonicum Ando et Ozaki, 1923 by having the testes irregularly indented, smaller than the ovary and by the number of the head spines.Host: Indian moorhen, Gallinula chloropus indica Blyth.Location: Small intestine.Distribution: Bai-yang-dien lake, Hopeh province.Holotype and paratype specimens: Deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Aca-demia Siniea, Peking, China.Paryphostomum baigangdienensis sp. nov.Body elongated, median in size, 4.805 - 6.220 × 0.975 - 0.990 mm. Cuticle thick and covered densely by scaly spines in front of the acetabulum, 0.025 ×0.011 mm. Head collar reniform 0.429 - 0.462 mm in width, armed with 35 head spines: 4 corner spines, 0.069-.0.099 ×0.022-0.026 mm and 27 dorso-lateral spines arranged in 2 rows, 0.055 - 0.080 × 0.018 - 0.022 mm.Oral sucker subterminal 0.165 × 0.182 - 0.198 mm. Acetabulum located at the anterior quarter of the body, 0.534 - 0.782 × 0.611 - 0.742 mm. Prepharynx 0.041 -0.066 mm long. Pharynx 0.182 - 0.211 × 0.116 - 0.132 mm. Oesophagus 0.363 - 0.396 × 0.050 mm.Testes tandem, situated at the posterior half of the body, consisting of 4 lobes, anterior testis 0.330 - 0.396×0.304 - 0.330 mm, posterior testis 0.363 - 0.478 × 0.297 -0.346 mm. Cirrus