2020•PubMedOpen access
Assessment of Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents with Obesity in Ile-Ife, South West Nigeria.
Olukemi Tolulope Bamigboye-Taiwo, Olabamiji Abiodun Ajose, Oluwadare Ogunlade
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is the occurrence of risk factors which increase the risk for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. These risks factors include abdominal obesity, hypertension, increased triglycerides (TG), elevated blood glucose, and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL- C). MS is now increasingly reported among children and adolescents. OBJECTIVES: To assess risk factors for MS in adolescents with and without obesity. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-five adolescents with obesity and an equal number of age- and sex- matched adolescents without obesity from secondary schools in Ile- Ife were studied. Weight, height, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure (BP) were determined. Seven mls of venous blood from each participant (collected after a 12 hour overnight fast) were processed and analysed for total plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Low density lipoprotein - cholesterol (LDL-C) was determined using Friedewald formula. Data was analysed using independent samples t-test, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Pearson's correlation analysis. P- value was set at ˂ 0.05. RESULTS: Adolescents with obesity had elevated systolic (122.03 ± 13.93 mmHg vs 109.82 ± 12.07 mmHg; t= 7.40, p= 0.001) and diastolic blood pressures (76.06 ± 10.22 mmHg vs 66.78 ± 9.18 mmHg; t= 7.55, p= 0.001) compared with non- obese adolescents. Significant differences in mean HDL-C (0.97 ±0.28mmol/L vs 1.11 ± 0.38mmol/L; t= -3.40, p= 0.001) and FPG (4.30 ± 0.78mmol/Lvs 3.95 ± 0.83mmol/L; t= 3.45, p = 0.001) in adolescents with and without obesity were observed. MS was present in 18 adolescents with obesity (predominantly males) and absent in adolescents without obesity. CONCLUSION: Older male adolescents with obesity are at increased risk of MS. Low HDL- C, elevated BP and abdominal obesity were the most frequently identified risk factors.