Distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria in a pediatric intensive care unit

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria in a pediatric intensive care unit(PICU),and provide reference for preventing and controlling healthcare-associated infection and rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Isolation rate and distribution of pathogenic bacteria isolated from PICU patients from June 2010 to May 2011were analyzed statistically.Results A total of 245 pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated,73.88%,22.86% and 3.26% were gram-negative bacteria,gram-positive bacteria and fungi,respectively.The isolation rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumannii,Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus was 18.78%,14.29%,11.43%,8.16%,5.31% and 4.90%,respectively.The percentage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli was 11.63% and 8.85%,respectively;detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 16.67%.Most gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to carbapenems and cefoperazone / sulbactam,and relatively resistant to other antimicrobial agents.Acinetobacter baumannii was highly resistant to carbapenems(75.00%).Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were highly sensitive to ceftriaxone,cefazolin and cefepime(0.00%-7.69%);no bacterial strain was found to be resistant to vancomycin.Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria is the main pathogenic bacteria in PICU patients,most isolates are highly drug-resistant.Analysis of pathogenic bacteria and drug-resistance surveillance are of vital importance to guide treatments for critically ill children and reduce drug-resistant bacterial strains.