Analysis of the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in general surgery patients

Objective The objective of the study was to analyze the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in general surgery patients and their drug resistance against common antimicrobial drugs, aiming to provide a reference for the standardized treatment of bacterial infections. Methods Pathogenic bacteria in general surgery patients between January of 2012 and December of 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The bacteria were identified and their drug susceptibilities were analyzed by a VITEK-2 fully-automated bacterial identification and drug susceptibility analysis instrument(bio Merieux, France). Results A total of 298 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 610 clinical specimens, including 232 strains of Gram-negative bacteria(77.8%) and 64 strains of Gram-positive bacteria(21.5%); the three most prevalent Gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Acinetobacter baumannii, and the three most prevalent Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterococcus faecium. Drug resistance rate of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii against piperacillin, ampicillin, and ceftriaxone were over 70%; and that of extended-spectrum β-lactamase(ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 42.6% and 34.3%, respectively. 100% of the bacteria were sensitivite to cefoperazone/sulbactam, suggesting that cefoperazone/sulbactam can be used for empirical treatment of severe infections. The positive rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was 26.7%, and 100% of the MRSA were sensitivite to vancomycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin. Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria are responsible for most clinical infections in general surgery department of our hospital, and drug resistance is common. Rational use of antibiotics based on drug sensitivity results is of significant importance to improving the effectiveness of antibiotics and reducing the rate of emergence of bacterial resistance.