Study on the characteristics of flow in Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project during freezing period

A one dimensional water flow model for the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project in freezing period is suggested based on hydrodynamics,river ice hydraulics and thermodynamics. In the model,the flow characteristics of main canal,effect of ice preventing measures and thermal effect of underground constructions,such as tunnels and inverted siphons,are considered. Furthermore the effects of control gates on water level and flow discharge of the canal are also taken into account. The water transfer process of north section of the Project(north of the Yellow River) in freezing period is numerical simulated by using this model. The forecasting of the ice regime of the Project is given and the measures for preventing the ice damages are suggested.