SIMA Qian's outlook on the history of culture and learning

This Paper that there is a history of culture and learning of China concealed in the general history of China written by SIMA Qian, and that SIMA Qian's outlook on history of culture and learning, though often neglected by scholoars, is the inner life of the general history of The Book of History. The paper goes on to make an analysis of this outlook in four aspects. Firstly, SIMA Qian, basing on an understanding of the value of learning, wrote biographies of intellectualists along with the origins and developments of their academic achievements. Secondly, SIMA Qian regarded Confucius as the pivot in the history of cultural and learning development. Thirdly,SIMA Qian absorbed the best of various schools of thinkers. Fourthly, SIMA Qian created a philosophy of his own through extensive reading and multifold integration.