Debate on the Inner,Outer,Other,or Self Origin of Benevolence and Righteousness and Its Significance——On Three Kinds of Viewpoints of Benevolence and Righteousness

In Chinese history of ethics,Gaozi,Menci and Dong Zhong-shu argue on the origin of benevolence and righteousness,whether they are from inner or outer world,in others or oneself,and then there form three typical viewpoints of benevolence and righteousness:viewpoint on inner benevolence and outer righteousness of Gaozi;viewpoint on both inner benevolence and righteousness of Menci and viewpoint on outer benevolence and inner righteousness of Dong Zhong-shu.This paper displays the different figures of thoughts and ethical issues towards the same statement in order to reveal the enlightening significance of argument of benevolence and righteousness and its practical significance.