On the factors to prevent modern enlightenment movements from further development in China

In the period from 1840 to the New Culture Movement(1919), there were many ideological enlightenmentmovements in China. However, the goal of the movements awareness of human rights, independence of personality and rational freedom — was not attained. There are three reasons for this: 1) the relationship between saving the Chinese nation from extinction and enlightenment the former encouraged the latter, which drove the former in turn; 2) great barriers from feudalist culture, social structure and modern social situations at that time; 3) the quality of modern Chinese bourgeoisie intellectuals.