Comparison of Core Words and Characteristic Words of the Same Orientation and Different Geographical Places

Core words are the most stable group of the basic vocabulary,which reflect the commonness of the different dialects. Characteristic words are the unique words of one dialect reflecting the uniqueness of certain dialect. By comparing Yanqi(焉耆) dialect in Xinjiang(新疆) province and Donggan(东干) dialect in Central Asia which both originated from Guanzhong(关中) dialect in Shanxi(陕西) province,it can be found that:firstly,the distribution range and the lexical preservation in the core words and characteristic words are in direct proportion. The core words with the widest distribution are mostly preserved both in Yanqi(焉耆) dialect and Donggan(东干) dialect; two thirds second rank characteristic words with medium distribution are preserved in Yanqi(焉耆) dialect while one third in Dongan(东干) dialect; most of first rank characteristic words whose distribution range is narrow disappear in both dialects. Secondly,the disappearance of characteristic morphemes and special collocations is an important way for lexical dissimilation in dialects. Thirdly,the difference of the lexical evolution between Yanqi(焉耆) dialect and Donggan(东干) dialect depends on their respective language environment.