On the Integration Process of the Chinese Nation during the Period of Confrontations among the Liao,Song,Xia,and Jin Dynasties

After the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms,China entered a period of political divisions and military confrontations among the Liao,Song,Xia,and Jin Dynasties.However,the progress of the integration of the Chinese nation was not hindered for this reason.During this period,the northern nomadic ethnic peoples constantly migrated southwards into the farming communities of the Han people.This greatly promoted the economic development and social and cultural transformations of the nomadic peoples.Moreover,nomadic ethnic peoples and the Han people lived close to each other,developed their economic ties,and learned from each other politically and culturally so that the integration of the peoples of China was reinforced in terms of politics,economy and culture.This exerted positive influence on the establishment of a unified multi-ethnic nation during the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties.