The formation of subjective personality of the scholars of the Wei and Jin dynasties viewed through their experience of unsuccessful officialdom

The scholars of the Wei and Jin dynasties, holding “helping order the world” and “active participation in the society” as principles, always chose to “wait hopefully for the opportunity” whenever turned down in their career life Such tolerance and mental state obviously indicate that they were maintaining cl ose spiritual connection with traditional culture, either up or down. Somewhat c ynical, undissolvable traditional emotions typical of scholars unsuccessful in o fficialdom are still perceived faintly but distinguishably in the depth of their inner world.