The Changes in the Sino-Burmese Boundary Lines in the Ming Dynasty and its Effects

Great changes took place in the borderland of southwest China in the Ming dynasty,especially in Yunnan.In the middle and late period of the Ming dynasty,because the Central Government was weak,the Tusi chieftains in the borderland were in conflicts.The Burmese Kingdom took the chance to invade quite a few Yusi-controlled areas.The changes in the Sino-Burmese boundary lines in the Ming dynasty had far-reaching effects on the formation of a multi-ethnic nation and formed the basic Sino-Burmese boundary lines of today.The long-term wars brought much damage to the local economy and society while some border ethnic groups like the Baiyi,the Echang and the Pu were under the control of Burma,that is,they have become cross-border ethnic groups of today.