The Influence of Nanyang and Beiyang Trading Ministers on the Diplomacy of Late Qing Dynasty

After the First Opium War,China's traditional diplomatic system was assaulted.After the Second Opium War,the establishment of the Prime Ministry,Nanyang and Beiyang trading Ministers,weakened the traditional foreign relation of the government of Qing Dynasty.The participation of Nanyang and Beiyang Trading Ministers'diplomatic activities constituted the main body of the late Qing diplomatic practice,having a significant impact on late Qing foreign policy,foreign ideas,and on the modernization of foreign institutions.However, In the late Qing Dynasty,reasons such as despotism,in complete diplomatic strategy,the traditional consciousness fetters,modern diplomatic in tellectual poverty also led to great limitations in its diplomatic activities.