On the Reclamation of Wasteland by Troops at the Northeast in the Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China

In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,the invasion of Russia and Japan put northeast China in increasing severe crisis.Responding to the serious border crisis,the Qing Government and the Republic of China carried out the immigration policy to consolidate the border defence,including the reclamation of wasteland by troops in Jilin and Heilongjiang,and the opinion concerning the reclamation of wasteland by troops emerged one after another in the early Republic of China.It indicaes that the reclamation of wasteland by troops was highly vauled as a means to consolidate the border.But for some reasons,in the late Qing Dynasty,this policy was not effectively carried out in the early Republic of China.