Gemini Surfactants:Synthesis and Properties of Sodium Diol Bisulfosuccinate Diester(GMI-01)

A new type easily degradable Gemini surfactant(GMI-01) was synthesized through environmentally-friendly process with cheap materials such as 1,4-butanediol,maleic anhydride and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether(AEO2).The optimum reaction conditions were obtained via orthogonal experiments or uniform tests.Thus,the first esterification reaction was carried out by refluxing in acetone for 1 h with n(maleic anhydride)∶n(1,4-butanediol)=2.15∶1.00 and 1.0% catalyst(sodium acetate).The second esterification reaction was carried out with n(1,4-butanediol bismaleic acid monoester)∶n(AEO2)=1.00∶2.15 and 1.5% catalyst(PW12/C) at 150 ℃ for 14 h.The sulfonation reaction was carried out with n(1,4-butanediol bismaleic acid diester)∶n(NaHSO3)=1.00∶3.00 and 1.5% catalyst(cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) at 80 ℃ for 4 h.The products were characterized by IR and 1HNMR.The equilibrium surface tension of the final product was 38.4 mN/m,CMC was 0.049 mmol/L, Γ was 2.33×1010 mol/cm2,and A was 72.0×102 nm2.These data demonstrate that GMI-01 forms micelle easily,but its equilibrium surface activity is not too high.