Distribution and drug resistance of aerobic bacteria isolated from 2 164 neonates with pneumonia

Objective To evaluate the distribution and drug resistance of bacteria causing neonatal pneumonia, and to provide evidences for clinic to select antimicrobial agents rationally. Methods Sputum samples from 2 164 neonates with suspected respiratory tract infection in a hospital from January, 1999 to December, 2003 were cultured by general and high-osmosis methods, bacteria were identified by API system. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by Kirby-Bauer method, ESBLs in the isolated Gram negative bacilli were detected by double-disk test. Result 1 189 (54.94%) strains of aerobic bacteria were isolated from the 2 164 specimens. 428 (36.00%) were gram negative bacilli, 648 (54.50%) were gram positive cocci, 113 (9.50%) were other bacteria. 78 (25.49%) ESBLs positive strains were trains of Enterobacteriaceal. Gram negative bacilli were susceptible to imipenem, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and amikacin, Gram positive cocci were susceptible to vancomycin, imipenem, cefotaxine, rifampicin and cefoperazone. Conclusion Gram positive cocci are the main bacteria in neonatal pneumonia. gram positive cocci, especially Staphylococcus are more and more prevalent in neonatal respiratory tract infection. Strains of Enterobacteriaceae are usually have drug resistance, imipenem is the best drug to treat the patients infected with ESBLs-producing strains.