Mechanism of tumor immune escape

Tumor immune escape is a critical determinant to tumorigenesis, and also an important guide for cancer immunotherapy. Based on the research achievements of how the tumor cells escape immune elimination in recent years, the mechanism of tumor immune escape is reviewed from two aspects as tumor cell dynamics and tumor microenvironment. Concretely, tumor antigenicity, immunogenicity, epigenetic alteration, signal pathways, cell death pathways, cell metabolism and cancer stem cell jointly contribute to the dynamics of tumor during the escape phase of cancer immunity, while immune cells, cytokines and tumor stroma mainly comprise tumor microenvironmental changes governing immune escape. Exploration on tumor immune escape is important for cancer immunotherapy through reversing this escape.