"Korean's Crossing-Boundary Reclamation" in the Late Qing Dynasty and "Immigration Policy for Consolidating Frontier Defense" of the Qing Government

Over 200 years,from the early period of Shunzhi reign to that of Tongzhi,witnessed deserted and miserable scene along the border between China and Korea and the frequent occurrence of Koreans' crossing-boundary reclamation,under strict prohibition policy implemented by the Qing Government.In such situations,Japan began to nibble China's territory under the pretense of Koreans' reclamation,aggravating the frontier crisis.Then Qing had to give up the long-observed policy and put into practice an immigration policy to consolidate frontier defense.