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Alkaline Phosphatases as Tumor Markers

Torgny I. Stigbrand, Britta Wahrén

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Abstract

Human alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ortophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1, consists of at least four genetically different isozymes, the tissue-unspecific alkaline phosphatase (AP), the intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), the placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), and the PLAP-like alkaline phosphatase, an isozyme that is very similar to PLAP (Stigbrand and Fishman, 1984). These four isozymes are encoded by separate but related genes (Kam et al., 1985; Weiss et al., 1986; Berger et al.,1987; Millán and Manes, 1988).It is generally considered that the genes involved have descended from a common ancestral gene, which was duplicated during the course of the evolution. Mutations and further duplications might then explain the ocurrence of this complex multiple enzyme system in humans (Stigbrand et al., 1982).

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What this paper is about

Human alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ortophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1, consists of at least four genetically different isozymes, the tissue-unspecific alkaline phosphatase (AP), the intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), the placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), and the PLAP-like alkaline phosphatase, an isozyme that is very similar to PLAP (Stigbrand and Fishman, 1984). These four isozymes are encoded by separate but related genes (Kam et al., 1985; Weiss et al., 1986; Berger et al.,1987; Millán and Manes, 1988).It is generally considered that the genes involved have descended from a common ancestral gene, which was duplicated during the course of the evolution. Mutations and further duplications might then explain the ocurrence of this complex multiple enzyme system in humans (Stigbrand et al., 1982).

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Available abstract

Human alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ortophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1, consists of at least four genetically different isozymes, the tissue-unspecific alkaline phosphatase (AP), the intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), the placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), and the PLAP-like alkaline phosphatase, an isozyme that is very similar to PLAP (Stigbrand and Fishman, 1984). These four isozymes are encoded by separate but related genes (Kam et al., 1985; Weiss et al., 1986; Berger et al.,1987; Millán and Manes, 1988).It is generally considered that the genes involved have descended from a common ancestral gene, which was duplicated during the course of the evolution. Mutations and further duplications might then explain the ocurrence of this complex multiple enzyme system in humans (Stigbrand et al., 1982).

Key concepts: Alkaline phosphatase, Isozyme, Placental alkaline phosphatase, Phosphatase, Gene, Enzyme, Biology, Biochemistry

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