The outlook for rock armour and beach recharge

Abstract Rock armour and beach recharge have been used increasingly over recent years as central elements of coastal defence and other forms of coastal construction. In attempting to define the outlook for rock armour and beach recharge, the context at the coastline, the background to coastal defence, the present need for coastal works and the environmental value of the coast are considered. The advantages of natural materials such as rock, sand and gravel compared with some of the more traditional forms of coastal construction are reviewed. The ‘market’ for rock armour and beach recharge materials, including the legal background and relevant economic factors, is considered and the actual demand for the materials estimated. Important environmental considerations are discussed.