Exploiting neem (Azadirachta indica) resources for improving the quality of life in Taraba State, Nigeria

Neem (Azadirachta Indica. A. Juss.) plant is grown extensively in the savanna region of Nigeria. Biologically active ingredients of this plant have diverse applications. These compounds belong to the natural products called triterpenoids (Limonoids). The plants provide extensive agroforestry products. Over 413 insect/pest species are sensitive to neem products, except the oriental yellow scale Aonidiella orientalis Newstead (Homoptera: Diaspidae), which threatens survival of neem plantations. Field trials with neem cake stimulate algal growth by suppressing grazers like ostracods (crustacea). Furthermore, neem cake admixed with urea fertilizer significantly improves efficiency of fertilizer utilization and reduces root knot nematode index to zero in tomato fields. Alkali treated neem cake performed significantly better when incorporated into poultry feeds. Several animals and plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria, viral, protozoan and Helminths are sensitive to neem preparations, with antiseptic properties. NSO and leaves extract significantly inhibited fertility in males, but not anti-ovulatory, hence sensal a contraceptive.