Ecofriendly approaches of neem products as organic pesticides on rice insect pests and predatory spider

During the last two decades, the Neem tree spps. Azadirachta Indica and Azadirachta juss have come under close view of researchers around the world as the prime source of natural bioactive pesticides. About 400 insect pest species belonging to different orders are adversely effected by Neem derivatives (Jacobson, 1986). In Indian subcontinent Neem cake application in rice fields against insect pests has been in use for several workers. However, detailed studies are lacking in tropical Indian situations. Hence this field study the plant products play an important role in evolving an ecologically sound and environmentally acceptable pest management systems. Many plants including wild species have antifeedant properties Parthenium hysterophorus has been found to posses antifeedent and juvenomimetic principles against S. litura. Extracts from Mahagom, swietema Mahogoni seeds, reizomes of Sanisiveria marginata, fruits of Solanum Species and Acacia dealbata, leaves of pogostemon Species, whole plant of Andragraphis Peniculata, neem oil and antifeedant properties against S litura. Juvenomimetic effect of plants have been reported to a number of species viz. Physterophorus and Tribules terrestries on Dysdercus cingulatus, T terrestris on Helothis armigera and Spotoptera litura.Neem oil 2% and Neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) 5% reduced the fecundity of female, hatchability of eggs, percent nymphal survival and growth index of brown plant hopper (Reguraman 1989). Neem oil 8% and Neem seed Kernal extract 5% spraying once, recorded less population of rice ear-head-bug on 7 and 14 days after treatment (Reguraman, 1989). Neem oil 2%, NSKE 5%, Neem oil 2%, + Activated carbon 0.1%, NSKE 5% + Activated carbon 0.1% When sprayed in the evening controlled the grass hoppers in rice field (Mohan, 1989).