Urban Public Transport Policy in Indonesia

Generally, the existing condition of public transport in Indonesia is poor, there is an overall lack of capacity, lack of quality and choice, severe traffic congestions and insufficient funds to renew and repair vehicles. People, who can pay to travel by their own vehicles, or by taxi, would seldom find any temptation to use public transport. Increasingly, patronage will be confined to the poorest members of society, thereby further eroding service levels and comfort. The public transport users are captive passengers, who use the public transport because they have no choice to travel by other modes. Surveys were carried out in the cities of Bandung and Yogyakarta, by counting public transport vehicles and occupancies, interviewing the public transport passengers, drivers and institutional staffs, who involve in public transport management. The existing urban bus services have been analyzed. Also the existing and emerging institutional framework that provides for public transport services, including all the planning, operational, regulatory, licensing and funding functions for bus services and their supporting facilities have been reviewed. It has been concluded that the main problem is the lack of public transport management and inefficiency of the bus services. The existing institutions, who are involve in public transport policy, should be improved. A sustainable public transport plan for short, medium and long term plans are also analyzed to find the best solutions.