TRANSPORTATION AS AN INSTRUMENT OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT

THE CONCEPT OF AN URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN WITH OBJECTIVES BASED, ON THE ONE HAND, ON THE FUNCTIONAL LEVEL, AND ON THE OTHER HAND ON THE SOCIAL LEVEL, IS RELATIVELY NEW. AS AN INTRODUCTION, THE PAPER POINTS OUT THE ESTABLISHED FACT THAT CITIES LIKE MUNICH, WHICH HAS BEEN USED AS AN EXAMPLE MANY TIMES, ATTRIBUTE THEIR FORMATION OVER THE PAST 800 YEARS TO DECISIONS BASED ON TRANSPORTATION-POLITICS. THE PAPER DEALS WITH: URBAN TRANSPORTATION AS A BASIC FUNCTION OF URBAN LIFE; THE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH NECESSITY-ORIENTATED TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS; AND THE INTRODUCTION OF A TRANSPORTATION POLICY INTO THE COMMUNITY URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN. THE AUTHORS ESTABLISH THAT IT IS APPARENTLY STILL NOT POSSIBLE AFTER FIFTEEN YEARS TO JUDGE THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSPORTATION IMPLEMENTATIONS AND TO ADJUST THESE TO FIT IN WITH OTHER URBAN DEVELOPMENT ASPECTS. THE INSTRUMENTAL CHARACTER OF A TRANSPORTATION POLICY AND THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSPORTATION ON URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND THE RELATIONSHIP 'TOWN-COUNTRY-ENVIRONMENT' AND ITS ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. SPECIAL ATTENTION IS PAID TO THE AMBIVALENCE OF TRANSPORTATION - POLITICAL DECISIONS AND ALSO THE DANGER IS POINTED OUT OF USING CAPITAL FOR TRANSPORTATION WHICH WOULD THEN NOT BE AVAILABLE FOR OTHER MEANS (SOCIAL - AND INFRASTRUCTURE - POLITICAL, ECONOMIC REQUIREMENTS ETC).