AUSTRALIAN CITIES: ECONOMICS AND IMPROVEMENTS

Each railway operator has adopted a variety of strategies to improve services, renew equipment and rationalise networks whilst keeping subsidies to a minimum. These improvements have been adopted despite differences in the policies of each city. Work practices, new technology, marketing and service standards have been renewed as operators face greater demands to cater for the disabled and produce stronger action to combat hooliganism and vandalism. Perth has converted its existing through-line commuter network from diesel to a modern 29kv electrical operating system resulting in increased patronage of up to 30 per cent at peak periods. Driver-only operation, using trackside cameras aligned along platforms and video monitors in the drivers' cabs is proving successful. Guards are being redeployed as passenger service assistants in trains and stations. Adelaide has retained diesel operation on suburban lines but has upgraded the infrastructure and control systems and is replacing the rolling stock. Several new express train and bus services have been introduced to link major regional centres with the central business district. A major infrastructure expansion and overhaul of operating strategy has taken place in Brisbane where the urban rail network is being modernised and expanded. Policies have changed in Melbourne where both heavy and light rail systems have been subjected to line and depot closures, bus substitution, automation of ticketing and service rationalisation.