1982•Railway track and structuresRequires access
DUAL LINING PROCEDURES PROVIDE TUNNELING ECONOMY
K Mussger, B P Cavan
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Abstract
The New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) is both a design philosophy and a practical tunneling process, using an initial thin support envelope about which a final lining is installed. NATM uses the geological formation surrounding a tunnel excavation as a load carrying ring, in addition to considering it as a loading; its use grew as modern shotcrete and ground anchoring technology evolved 20 years ago. NATM can be utilized in all types of ground conditions and for all shapes and sizes of tunnels. It is widely used for rapid transit tunnels in western Europe.