Contribution of breeding to agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon. I. Açaí palm and oil palm

Abstract Sustainable development in the Amazon involves moderate actions that combine technology-based agriculture with forest conservation. One of these actions is the genetic breeding of native species, which promotes cultural appreciation of the local society, and enables the opening of new markets. As an example, two breeding programs with solid results will be mentioned in this review: açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. and E. oleifera (Kunth.) Cortés). Despite its importance, the prospects for breeding programs on Amazon are not optimistic. Factors intrinsic to plants, such as their incipient domestication, as well as their perennial nature and the difficulty linked to the improvement of plants in this category; and extrinsic factors, such as the lack of resources and specialized labour, in addition to the deficiency in logistics, are growing challenges that make it difficult to implementation of new programs and expansion of existing ones.