Prunus spp. Fruit Quality and Postharvest: Today’s Challenges and Future Perspectives

Prunus is a genus of trees and shrubs that date to the Eocene. Some species are known for their health benefits and for their exceptional role in international trade. Several Prunus species are widely cultivated all over the world, such as sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), plums (Prunus salicina L.), prunes (Prunus domestica L.), peaches (Prunus persica L.) or almonds (Prunus amygdalus, syn. Prunus dulcis). In this work, we review the most important quality parameters and sensory attributes for the abovementioned main Prunus species. Moreover, we focus on the postharvest challenges that are posed today to producers and retailers, as well as on consumer preferences. Finally, we discuss some new commercialization perspectives considering that the final aim agronomic activity is to produce fruits of good nutritional and sensory quality, with the least environmental impact possible and in a sustainable manner, according to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of 2030 Agenda of the United Nations.