Predicting Solar Flare Phenomena: Solar Proton Events

Abstract The authors consider in modern terms the problems of predicting solar flare events—the only source of high-energy protons from both the release of energy and such accompanying dynamic phenomena as shock waves and coronal mass ejections propagating from the place of energy release. It is possible to predict flare events themselves because newly emerging magnetic fluxes interact with the magnetic fields within and beyond active regions, but always on the line of polarity inversion. The release of solar protons during a flare event is determined by its characteristics in the entire radiation spectrum, its localization on the Sun, and parameters of its coronal mass ejection.