SIZING RIPRAP FOR THE PROTECTION OF APPROACH EMBANKMENTS AND SPUR DIKES AND LIMITING THE DEPTH OF SCOUR AT BRIDGE PIERS AND ABUTMENTS. VOLUME I: LITERATURE REVIEW & ARIZONA CASE HISTORIES

This report presents a review of published literature on riprap design technology and examines Arizona case histories of riprap performance. The literature review grouped the factors affecting riprap design into hierarchical categories relative to scale. The four factors identified include: riprap properties, site characteristics, hydraulic and sediment transport conditions, and river response. Eleven case histories from documentation supplied by the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service (SCS) are examined. The review of Arizona case histories is intended to provide the basis for understanding the dominant river processes associated with riprap protection measures. The literature review and case histories indicate a set of design requirements to be considered when designing riprap revetment. Volume II presents the design procedure.