Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L and Rosmarinus eriocalyx from the region of Sidi Bel Abbes (Algeria)

Antibiotic resistance is currently a major public health problem facing hospitals around the world, another concern and that of the increased risks of additive synthetic food, added to foods that objective is to preserve foodstuffs.All these parameters are behind the urgent need for a natural antimicrobial agent.Rosmarinus officinalis L. is used in traditional medicine as an antispasmodic, ingredients in beauty products and so good in the preservation of food products.In this context, the objective of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from two species of the same genus of rosemary of wild origin "Rosmarinus eriocalyx" and "Rosmarinus officinalis" of a home garden in the Sidi Ali Benyoub region, against three pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa).Our work is divided into two parts, the first consists of extracting a volume of essential oil from 100g of each plant species by the hydrodistillation method which is the most effective and the most useful one, the second part is based on the evaluation of the effect of these oil extracts on the growth of the three pathogenic bacteria "Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa" taken from a biological sample "the urine" in the presence of a urinary tract infection at the level of the Central Laboratory, bacteriology department of the SBA center, which is highlighted by the aromatogram tests and the monitoring of bacterial growth in the absence and in the presence of essential oils.The diffusion method on the agar medium made it possible to determine the diameters of the zones of inhibition.The results show that the quantitative analysis of the essential oils of Rosmarinus eriocalyx and Rosmarinus officinalis L gave good yields of 1% and 0.63%.Regarding the antibacterial activity of both oils against pathogenic bacteria, the results show us that Rosmarinus eriocalyx (wild) has a higher activity compared to "Rosmarinus officinalis L".We can see that these oils have antibacterial activity only against Pseudomonas aeruginosa but the other two bacteria "Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli" can be resistant for these oil extracts.