The protective effect of β-cryptoxanthin against cyclophosphamide-induced lung injury in adult male albino rats

Abstract Background Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is an anticancer agent widely used in chemotherapy. It has been suggested that CYP causes toxicity in many organs, including the lungs and testes. Many studies have indicated that some antioxidants have possible protective effects against CYP’s side effects. β-cryptoxanthin (BCX), a major carotenoid of potential interest for health, is known for its antioxidant activities. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of BCX on CYP-induced lung injury in rats using histologic and biochemical methods. Methods Forty adult male albino rats were divided into 4 groups: Group I served as the control group. Group II received BCX orally in a dose of 4 mg/kg per day for 7 days. Group III received a single dose (200 mg/kg) of CYP intraperitoneally (i.p.) on the 7th day of the study. Group IV received (CYP + BCX). On the 8th day of the experiment, lung tissues were collected for histopathological examinations. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also determined in all dissected tissues. Results Pretreatment with BCX ameliorated lung morphological changes noticed in CYP group and the levels of MDA and MPO were significantly decreased whereas those of GSH, GSH-Px and SOD were significantly increased. Conclusions BCX provides a protective effect against CYP-induced lung injury by reducing oxidative stress and pulmonary fibrosis.