Optimization of Extraction Technology of Flavonoids from Dandelion and Analysis of Principal Components

In this experiment,the extraction process of dandelion flavonoids was experimentally studied. The effects of ultrasonic assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction on the yield of flavonoids in dandelion were studied. The total flavonoids and the contents of flavonoids in dandelion were analyzed by spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The optimal extraction conditions of dandelion flavonoids were determined by single factor test and orthogonal experiment. The ultrasonic extraction condition was as follows:Ethanol concentration 60%,the ratio of material to liquid was 1:80 g/mL,extraction time was 35 min,extraction temperature was 60℃,and the obtain rate of dandelion flavonoids was 3.97%. The better extraction condition of microwave-assisted extraction was as follows:Ethanol concentration 60%,the ratio of material to liquid was 1:80 g/mL,the extraction time was 10 min,the extraction temperature was 55℃,and the microwave power was 800 W,and the yield was 4.57%. Based on the experimental results analysis,the microwave-assisted extraction method was superior. The results of high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)showed that the crude extract of dandelion flavonoids contained rutin and the mass fraction was 12.76%. The experiment provided the useful exploration and reference for the deeply processing and comprehensive utilization of the dandelion.