Oncofertility in males: A literature review

The aim of this study was to evaluate current literature on oncofertility specifically in males. We convey that malignancies on its own result in compromising semen quality in males, subsequently causing infertility or impaired fertility. Testicular cancer and Hodgkin's disease are aggressive in causing infertility compared to other malignancies. This review also aims to address the gonadotoxic nature of cancer therapy, outlining the cytotoxicity of radio and chemotherapy. We also address techniques that major fertility centers utilize for fertility preservation in males, specifically semen cryopreservation. Prepubertal males with malignancies are also assumed early care in fertility protection, experimental techniques such as spermatogonial stem cells preservation, and testicular tissue freezing has quickly become prevalent in giving patients hope of parenthood. Finally, we discuss some current oncofertility guidelines to care for male patients with cancers. We also evaluate the ethical constrains of semen cryopreservation and overall providing oncofertility care.