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2020•Encyclopedia of Analytical ChemistryRequires access

Ambient Ionization for the Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents and Related Chemistries

Ethan M. McBride, Phillip M. Mach, Elizabeth S. Dhummakupt, Donna E. Hollinshead, Trevor Glaros

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Abstract

Abstract The generation of ions outside of a mass spectrometer in the absence of a vacuum, under normal atmospheric conditions, is referred to as ambient ionization. Although many ionization techniques meet this broad definition, the term ‘ambient ionization’ is typically reserved for ionization techniques that allow for in situ sample analysis requiring little to no sample preparation. This cascade of techniques was first realized in 2004 with the introduction of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). Since then, a whole host of ambient ionization techniques, each with categorical applications, have been developed. This article focuses on the most popular ambient ionization techniques: DESI, direct analysis in real time (DART), and paper spray (PS) ionization as they relate to the analysis of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and related chemistries.

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What this paper is about

Abstract The generation of ions outside of a mass spectrometer in the absence of a vacuum, under normal atmospheric conditions, is referred to as ambient ionization. Although many ionization techniques meet this broad definition, the term ‘ambient ionization’ is typically reserved for ionization techniques that allow for in situ sample analysis requiring little to no sample preparation. This cascade of techniques was first realized in 2004 with the introduction of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). Since then, a whole host of ambient ionization techniques, each with categorical applications, have been developed. This article focuses on the most popular ambient ionization techniques: DESI, direct analysis in real time (DART), and paper spray (PS) ionization as they relate to the analysis of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and related chemistries.

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Available abstract

Abstract The generation of ions outside of a mass spectrometer in the absence of a vacuum, under normal atmospheric conditions, is referred to as ambient ionization. Although many ionization techniques meet this broad definition, the term ‘ambient ionization’ is typically reserved for ionization techniques that allow for in situ sample analysis requiring little to no sample preparation. This cascade of techniques was first realized in 2004 with the introduction of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). Since then, a whole host of ambient ionization techniques, each with categorical applications, have been developed. This article focuses on the most popular ambient ionization techniques: DESI, direct analysis in real time (DART), and paper spray (PS) ionization as they relate to the analysis of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and related chemistries.

Key concepts: DART ion source, Ambient ionization, Desorption electrospray ionization, Ionization, Chemical ionization, Mass spectrometry, Chemistry, Ion source

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