Character Education in the New Paradigm of Pancasila Citizenship Education

Countries recognize that character and citizenship education are vital factors in developing the most significant human resources. There are many challenges both to policies and to the implementation of character education and citizenship in schools. This study aims to investigate students' character development in terms of values and moral education by analyzing the 2013 curriculum of Indonesian citizenship education. The citizenship education curriculum has introduced new terms such as civics, state citizenship education, Pancasila moral education, Pancasila education and citizenship education, civic education, and Pancasila education and citizenship. This study looked at and critically analyzed the relevant literature on Indonesia's citizenship education. It is concluded that Citizenship Education aims at developing civilizations in Indonesia, in particular, the building of a nation's character, by achieving diverse objectives in order to attain the national goals. Therefore, citizenship education is undeniable learning that must be taught at all levels of education, whether at elementary, secondary or tertiary level. In addition, Citizenship Education plays a significant role through curricular programs in both formal and non-formal education institutions. Citizenship Education as a socio-cultural movement, acts as a vehicle for citizens' self-actualization, both individually and in groups, by emphasizing rights, obligations, and the socio-cultural context, through direct and responsible active participation.