Advances in the mechanism of G protein coupled estrogen receptor mediated estrogen therapy

There will be a series of symptoms and diseases associated with estrogen deficiency after menopause, and the main treatment is menopause hormone therapy. In addition to the genomic effects of estrogen binding to the traditional nuclear receptors ERα and β, a recently discovered G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has also confirmed the rapid effects of estrogen on target organs. In recent years, studies on GPER-mediated estrogen specific physiological functions in different target cells and its mechanism of action are emerging. This review summarizes the possible mechanisms of GPER mediated estrogen therapy in the treatment of menopausal symptoms and diseases from the aspects of reproductive system, nervous system, cardiovascular system, endocrine metabolism and bone metabolism. Key words: Menopause; Estrogen; G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER); G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30); Hormone replacement therapy