Basis for ensuring fire and explosion safety by modern innovative methods of pre-preparation process equipment

On the basis of statistical data of fires there are formulated causes of fires on process equipment during fire operations. A classification of the ways of ensuring fire pre-preparation process equipment is proposed. Classification of methods of fire safety based on the principle of breaking ties mnemonic combustion triangle, three sides of which are: oxidizer, fuel and an ignition source. Analysis of the results of modern research allows to classify the ways of ensuring fire and explosion safety in emergency response, emergency situations and carrying out the repair works on technological equipment in the following groups (methods): 1) reduce the concentration of vapor (gas) of hydrocarbons; 2) prevent of contact of the ignition of explosive concentrations of vapor (gas) of hydrocarbons; 3) phlegmatization and inhibition of the gas space of the process equipment. There are formulated the conditions for ensuring fire and explosion safety of modern technology pre-training. Methodological approach of determining safety factors in predicting risk is proposed. Safety factors can be determined based on the maximum concentration fluctuation (decrease or increase of concentrations during process operations), the uneven distribution of the vapour (gas) hydrocarbons (oxygen or deterrent) in the gas space, the error of the gas analysis and the precision of measurement of fire danger. In developing the criteria the maximum allowable fire load following fire safety conditions analyses: 1) it’s allowed the possibility of local burning in a certain area over time, not creating the impact of dangerous fire factors on people with a normalized probability of not causing damage to the process vessel; 2) the possibility of the emergence and spread of burning on the surface of combustible residues is eliminated. It’s developed a method for evaluation of fire and explosion fire maintenance and repair works on technological equipment. The methods of assessing the fire and explosion safety includes: calculating the duration of the explosive period of each stage of the technologies of liquidation of the accident or pre-training; the evaluation of the total time the technologies of liquidation of the accident or pre-training; definition of probability of prevention of combustible environment and a source of ignition; evaluation of the number of emergency crews and the frequency of technological operations; calculation of the probability of prevention of fire.