Effect of combination explant difference leaf part and concentration of active charcoal on callus initiation mangrove (Rhizophora Apiculata BI) by in-vitro

Abstract Rhizophora Apiculata BI is one of the mangroves that has many benefits, but to cultivate naturally takes a long time. The alternative to such problems is culture cultivation in vitro. One stage of in vitro culture is through callus formation. Initiation of callus in mangrove plants is inhibited because explant release phenol compound that causes browning. Thus, it takes explant and charcoal active in a medium that can support growth explant. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of the combination of leaf explant and different activated charcoal concentration on callus initiation, to analyze the color and texture of callus produced, and to study the effect of the combination of leaf explant and different concentration of activated charcoal on the growth of explant. The basal medium used was Murashige and Skoog (MS) formula with the addition of NAA 1 mg/L and BAP 0.3 mg/L, and activated charcoal at concentration 4, 12, 20 g/L as the medium treatments. A different section of explant between base and tip of leaves combined with active charcoal were grown in MS medium. Each treatment was conducted three replications. The results showed that the combination of explant section, i.e. base of the leaf as well as activated charcoal with a concentration of 12 g / L could induce callus formation. The color and texture of callus were brownish yellow and compact. The best growth (0.1685 g) of callus was obtained at the leaf tip section combined with 4 g / L activated charcoal.