Design and SAR Analysis of a Compact Multiband Handset Antenna for UMTS/HSPA+2100 MHz and 2.4 GHz ISM-Band standards for Cellular Applications

In this paper the design of a miniaturized multiband antenna is implemented. The designed antenna operates on the widely used cellular spectrum of UMTS/HSPA+2100 MHz (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems, High Speed Packet Access) deployed on the global scale for 3G cellular applications. In addition, our design operates on the ISM- band spectrum of 2.4 GHz that is used for Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Applications worldwide. The integration of the UMTS/HSPA+2100 MHz and ISM-band in a single antenna operation is often a cumbersome task. This paper presents the design parameters and their implementation for combining these two bands in a single antenna. The designed antenna is simulated both in the presence and in absence of the human head model. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value is calculated in the presence of the human head model. The simulation results of both the cases are compared and analyzed. The antenna is optimized for the lowest possible SAR value by varying the antenna dimensions and analyzing the simulation parameters. A detailed analysis of varying antenna dimensions and their impact upon the antenna parameters is presented. Finally, antennas with different dimensions have been designed and a detailed comparison is made between their resultant antenna parameter values such as directivity, gain, radiation pattern, return loss, bandwidth, and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value, both in the figurative and tabulated form. After the detailed analysis the antenna with the optimal performance in terms of the abovementioned parameters has been selected. Thus, these design procedures and simulation analysis can be utilized for antenna design in the practical and commercial personal communications systems (PCS) and Cellular applications.