Relationship between the expression of CD25 and CD69 on the surface of lymphocytes T and B from peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and established prognostic factors of this disease

BACKGROUND: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a condition characterized by the accumulation of morphologically mature monoclonal lymphocytes B with the CD19+/CD5+/CD23+ phenotype in lymphoid tissue, peripheral blood and bone marrow. The clinical course of patients with CLL is heterogeneous, ranging from indolent to aggressive. The role of lymphocyte activation in the natural history of CLL is still a matter of discussion. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the percentages and absolute numbers of lymphocytes B and T in peripheral blood and bone marrow of CLL patients. Moreover, we analyzed the relationship between the number of CD25-positive and CD69-positive lymphocytes and the established prognostic factors in CLL. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 80 untreated patients with CLL and 20 healthy subjects. The immunophenotype of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (in both groups) and bone marrow cells (solely in the CLL group) was determined by means of flow cytometry. RESULTS: Patients with CLL showed a higher absolute number of activated lymphocytes B with phenotypes CD19+CD25+ and CD19+CD69+, as well as a higher absolute number of CD3+CD25+ lymphocytes T than the controls. The enhanced activation of peripheral blood and bone marrow lymphocytes was associated with higher Rai stages, an increased concentration of lactate dehydrogenase and beta-2 microglobulin and the progression of the disease. The number of lymphocytes B CD19+ZAP-70+ correlated positively with the number of CD19+CD25+ B cells and CD3+CD69+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed the association between an unfavorable prognosis and a high expression of activation markers in CLL patients. The determination of CD25+ and CD69+ lymphocytes T and B constitutes a valuable diagnostic tool, completing the cytometric evaluation of CLL.