A direct measurement of higher photovoltage at grain boundaries in CdS/ CZTSe solar cells using KPFM technique
Manoj Vishwakarma, Deepak Varandani, Christian Andrès, Yaroslav E. Romanyuk, Stefan G. Haass, Ayodhya N. Tiwari, B. R. Mehta
Abstract
Manoj Vishwakarma, Deepak Varandani, Christian Andrès, Yaroslav E. Romanyuk, Stefan G. Haass, Ayodhya N. Tiwari, B. R. Mehta
Abstract
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Key concepts: Surface photovoltage, Kelvin probe force microscope, Band bending, Grain boundary, Materials science, Optoelectronics, Volta potential, Chemistry