Effects of Fluoride and Aluminum Alone and in Combination Exposure on Proliferation and Cell Cycle of MC3T3-E1 Cells

Objective To explore the effects of different concentrations of fluoride, aluminum alone and in combination exposure on mice parietal bone cell subclone 14 (MC3T3-E subclone 14), and to elucidate the pathogenesis of endemic fluorosis. Methods The proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to 10-9 -10-3 mol/L NaF alone, 50 μmol/L NaF and 5 μmol/L AlCl3 alone and in combination ,was measured by CCK-8, and the change of cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry after treatment with various concentrations of fluoride and aluminum. Results Fluoride alone did not promote osteoblast MC3T3-E1cells proliferation, higher concentration fluoride inhibited MC3T3-E1 cells proliferation. Fluoride and aluminum combined exposure (50 μmol/L NaF +5 μmol/L AlCl3) stimulated proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells (P0.01 ),and significantly induced increase of G2/M phase, PI (proliferation index) and DNA relative content. Conclusion Fluoride does not promote the MC3T3-cells proliferation, aluminium plus fluoride may increase MC3T3-E1 cells proliferation and affect the cell cycle, which can significantly increase the number of G2/M phase cells.