Successful Hepatoatrial Anastomosis During a Consecutive Liver Retransplant in the Same Patient Shows Good Long-Term Results: Case Report and 2-Year Follow-Up

Liver retransplant is the last and only treatment for patients with irreversible graft failure. It is recognized as a high-risk procedure; thus surgical difficulties are multiplied with every successive liver transplant. Liver retransplant is a demanding technical procedure for the surgeon, with no guarantee of postoperative and long-term survival. Here, we report a 29-year-old male patient who underwent a liver transplant in April 2009 due to primary sclerosing cholangitis with overlapping autoimmune hepatitis. The patient underwent liver retransplant in May 2012 due to graft failure. A second liver retransplant was performed in April 2013 using the classical technique. An inflammatory process involving the inferior vena cava and diaphragm forced the surgeon to open the pericardium from the diaphragm and clamp the cuff of the right atrium to perform a hepatoatrial anastomosis of the inferior vena cava. The next steps were performed as for a typical liver transplant. Postoperative stay was free of complications and was not prolonged. Immunosuppression regimen was kept standard. During our follow-up of more than 32 months, the patient continued to show good results. A consecutive hepatectomy in the same recipient is associated with an increased risk of intraoperative complications. When excessive adhesions limit a safe and functioning cavocaval anastomosis, a hepatectomy with the excision of the intrahepatic inferior vena cava and end-to-end anastomosis through a pericardial window for the extension of the recipient's' vena cava cuff are feasible options. We found that a hepatoatrial anastomosis does not impair good overall outcomes and long-term results.