Effects of transport demand management „push“ strategies in the european cities

Transport Demand Management can be defined as a concept to promote sustainable transport and manage the demand for car use by changing travelers’ attitudes and behavior. Push strategies intend to make car use less beneficial (e.g., prohibiting car use in city centres, parking charges, congestion charging schemes), and pull measures aims to improve alternative travel options (e.g., improving the public transport, improving the facilities for cycling or walking, information). The paper reviews the concept of congestion charging, as well as the achieved effects of congestion charging in major European cities (London, Milan and Stockholm). There were significant effects in reducing the number of vehicles in the charging zone at an average of 30 percent, which justify the application of measure of congestion charging.